武曌[4]（624年2月17日－705年12月16日），又稱武華姑、武媚娘，中國歷史上因執掌君權而得到正史唯一承認的女皇帝[d]與女性太上皇。武氏是唐太宗的才人、唐高宗的皇后以及武周的開國皇帝，當代稱則天后，或武后、武太后，後代通稱武則天。 Wu Zetian[note 8] (17 February 624[note 9][note 10] – 16 December 705),[3][4] personal name Wu Zhao, was the de facto ruler of the Tang dynasty from 665 to 705, ruling first through others and then (from 690) in her own right. From 665 to 690, she was first empress consort of the Tang dynasty (as wife of the Emperor Gaozong) and then, after his death, empress dowager