You are in the forested plains of North America, 66 million years ago.

The air in the subtropical floodplain was thick, buzzing with the sound of insects, but beneath it ran a low-frequency hum—like distant thunder. Through the mist of the early morning, they appeared: a herd of twenty Torosaurus, moving slowly across the damp landscape, their massive skulls held low to browse on ferns and low-hanging vegetation.

They were magnificent, larger than any elephant. While related to Triceratops, the Torosaurus seemed more elegant, their enormous, three-meter-long skulls—the largest of any known land animal—adorned with elongated, thin frills that glowed with vibrant red and yellow blood vessels, a display of health and dominance.

As you watched from the ridge, a rivalry broke out. Two massive bulls stepped away from the herd, their frills flushing a deeper, warmer color. They stomped the ground, their thick, spade-like nose horns lowered, showcasing a warning. A fight between the two could be inevitable…